中药材

目的：研究微量元素肥对北苍术生长、有效成分积累及其生物合成关键酶基因表达的影响，为北苍术药材的规范化栽培提供理论依据。方法：进行大田试验，采用一般测定法对不同施肥处理的北苍术株高、根茎直径、茎叶鲜质量及根茎鲜质量进行测量；采用高效液相色谱法、实时荧光定量PCR法测定北苍术中4种有效成分(白术内酯Ⅰ、β-桉叶醇、苍术素和苍术酮)含量及其3种关键酶基因(ACC、HMGR、FPPS)相对表达量。结果：与ck相比，Y-2与J-1施肥处理北苍术株高、根茎直径、茎叶鲜质量和根茎鲜质量均显著升高(P<0.05);微量元素肥叶面喷施方式下，北苍术根茎中白术内酯Ⅰ、β-桉叶醇、苍术素和苍术酮含量较ck均显著升高(P<0.05),且Y-2施肥处理4种有效成分含量均最高；微量元素肥基施方式下，白术内酯Ⅰ、β-桉叶醇、苍术素和苍术酮含量较ck均显著升高(P<0.05),且J-1施肥处理4种有效成分含量均最高；不同施肥方式下，苍术素与苍术酮含量、关键酶基因HMGR相对表达量均在Y-2施肥处理下最高；白术内酯Ⅰ与β-桉叶醇含量、关键酶基因ACC相对表达量均在J-1施肥处理下最高。相关性分析表明，苍术素(聚乙炔类成分)与关键酶基因ACC相关性最高(0.736,P<0.01),白术内酯Ⅰ、β-桉叶醇(倍半萜类成分)与关键酶基因FPPS极显著相关(P<0.01),关键酶基因ACC、FPPS、HMGR相对表达量之间均呈正相关关系。结论：在叶面喷施方案Y-2(微量元素施入量为2.6 g/7.8 m²)时更有利于北苍术的生长和有效成分的积累。

Objective: To study the effects of trace element fertilizers on the growth, aceumulation of active ingredients and the expression of key enzyme genes in the synthesis of Atractylodes chinensis,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the standardized cultivation of Atractylodes chinensis medicinal materials.Methods: A field experiment was conducted.The plant height, rood and stem diameter, fresh weight of stems and leaves and frest weight of rhizome of Atractylodes chinensis under different fertilization treatment were measured and recorded by the general determination method.The contents of four effective components(atractylenolideⅠ, β-eudesmol, atractylodin and atractylon) and the relative expression levels of three key enzyme genes(ACC,HMGR and FPPS) in Atractylodes chinensis were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results: Compared with ck, the plant height, rhizome diameter, stem and leaf fresh weight and rhizome fresh weight of Atractylodes chinensis treated with Y-2 and J-1 fertilization all increased significantly(P<0.05).Under the foliar spraying method of trace element fertilizer, the contents of atractylenolideⅠ, β-eudesmol, atractylodin and atractylon in the rhizome were significantly higher that ck treatment(P<0.05),and the contents of the four active ingredients in the Y-2 fertilization treatment were all the highest.Under the fertilizer based application of trace elements, the contents of atractylenolideⅠ, β-eudesmol, atractylodin and atractylon were significantly higher than CK treatment(P<0.05),and the contents of the four effective components were the highest under J-1 fertilization treatment.The contents of atractylodin and atractylon and the relative expression level of key enzyme gene HMGR under Y-2 fertilization treatment were the highest.The contents of atractylenolideⅠ, β-eudesmol and the relative expression level of key enzyme gene ACC under J-1 fertilization treatment were the highest.The correlation analysis showed that the polyacetylene component atractylodin had the highest correlation with the key enzyme gene ACC(0.736,P<0.01).The sesquiterpene components atractylenolideⅠ and β-eudesmol had the extremely significant correlation with the key enzyme gene FPPS(P<0.01).The relative expression levels among the key enzyme genes ACC,FPPS and HMGR were all positively correlated.Conclusion: Foliar spraying scheme Y-2(trace element application amount of 2.6 g/7.8 m²) is more conducive to promoting the growth and accumulation of effective components of Atractylodes chinensis.