中药材

目的：以福建林下栽培金线莲为对象，研究其不同栽培月龄的鲜重、干重及品质变化，为其最适采收期的确定提供依据。方法：逐月采收林下栽培0～9个月的金线莲样品，测定其鲜重、干重、水提浸出率、醇提浸出率、灰分及蛋白质含量；采用HPLC法测定水仙苷、芦丁、槲皮素、槲皮苷、山柰酚、异鼠李素、金线莲苷含量；紫外法测定粗多糖、总黄酮、总多酚含量；采用DPPH和FRAP法比较不同采收期金线莲提取物的抗氧化活性；采用相关性分析和主成分分析探讨品质评价指标和最适采收期。结果：金线莲林下栽培6～8个月可获得较高的干品产量；未栽培的组培苗及短期林下栽培即可具有较高的金线莲苷含量；未栽培的组培苗的灰分和蛋白质含量最高，在栽培过程中呈大致下降的趋势；林下栽培2个月、6个月和8个月的金线莲抗氧化活性高于栽培0个月和4个月；种植月龄和折干率、水提浸出率、粗多糖含量、水仙苷含量呈显著正相关；品质主成分综合得分排名前三的分别为林下栽培6、8、7个月的金线莲。结论：林下栽培金线莲最适采收期为栽培6～8个月。

Objective: To investigate the fresh weight, dry weight and quality changes of Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated under forest conditions in Fujian at different cultivation ages, so as to provide a comprehensive basis for the determination of the optimal harvesting period.Methods: Monthly collections of Anoectochilus roxburghii samples cultivated under forest conditions for 0 to 9 months were performed, and the fresh weight, dry weight, water extraction rate, alcohol extraction rate, ash content and protein content were determined.HPLC method was used to measure the contents of narcissoside, rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and kinsenoside.The ultraviolet method was used to determine the contents of crude polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total polyphenols.The antioxidant activities of Anoectochilus roxburghii extracts at different harvest times were compared using DPPH and FRAP methods.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to explore the quality evaluation indicators and optimal harvest time.Results: Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated under forest conditions for 6 to 8 months had higher dry product yield.The uncultivated tissue culture seedlings and short-term cultivation under the forest showed higher kinsenoside content; The ash and protein content of uncultivated tissue culture seedlings were the highest, and generally decreased during the cultivation process; The antioxidant activity of Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated under forest conditions for 2,6 and 8 months was higher than that of 0 and 4 months.The planting month was significantly positively correlated with the drying rate, water extraction rate, crude polysaccharide content and narcissoside content.The top three comprehensive quality scores of Anoectochilus roxburghii were cultivated under the forest for 6,8 and 7 months, respectively.Conclusion: The optimal harvest time for Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated under forest conditions is 6 to 8 months.